Sn\u011bhov\u00e9 laviny padaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u0159ech, ledov\u00e9 p\u0159evisy a rampouchy, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nar\u016fst do \u00factyhodn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. I kdy\u017e je klima st\u00e1le teplej\u0161\u00ed, o hrozb\u00e1ch zimy naslouch\u00e1me st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. Na vin\u011b jsou zm\u011bny v architektu\u0159e a materi\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro pokr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tam, kde jsme je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem v\u00eddali ostr\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty st\u0159ech, dnes \u010dup\u00ed plechem a asfaltov\u00fdm \u0161indelem pokryt\u00e9 st\u0159echy s n\u00edzk\u00fdm sklonem, kter\u00e9 v tichosti sb\u00edraj\u00ed ledovou hrozbu. Se zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 vn\u00e1\u0161\u00edme do staveb, zapom\u00edn\u00e1me na prvky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit ty, co v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch proch\u00e1zej\u00ed kolem. Jak bojovat proti nemil\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm a zamezit riziku \u00farazu a \u0161kod?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let je t\u0159eba s p\u0159edstihem
Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159echa je takov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce, aby se hromadila na jej\u00edm povrchu. Ostr\u00fd sklon a hladk\u00e1 st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed krytina bez v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blk\u016f jsou pro sn\u011bhovou nad\u00edlku p\u0159islabou oporou a tak sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka pozvolna p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 na okapu domu a \u010dek\u00e1 na odh\u00e1zen\u00ed lopatou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak sklon a povrch krytiny drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e1 \u010depice se na povrchu udr\u017e\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku lehk\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka pln\u00e1 vzduchu neohroz\u00ed nikoho. Pokud se v\u0161ak v pr\u016fb\u011bhu denn\u00edch cykl\u016f rozpou\u0161t\u00ed, op\u011btovn\u011b zamrz\u00e1 a dopl\u0148uje se nov\u00fdm padaj\u00edc\u00edm sn\u011bhem, ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vznik\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 kra, jej\u00ed\u017e hmotnost lze po\u010d\u00edtat po n\u011bkolika dnech na tuny. Pokud nekontrolovateln\u011b spadne v nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m momentu ze st\u0159echy, \u0161kody mohou b\u00fdt rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9. Svoj\u00ed hmotnost\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit i samotnou konstrukci st\u0159echy \u010di n\u011bkter\u00e9 z jej\u00edch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U jednoduch\u00e9 sedlov\u00e9 st\u0159echy bez ozdob je riziko na v\u0161ech m\u00edstech stejn\u00e9. Jakmile se v\u0161ak do hry zapoj\u00ed jej\u00ed \u010dlenitost, v \u00fa\u017elab\u00edch se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 nesrovnateln\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objem sn\u011bhov\u00e9 masy, kter\u00fd s sebou nese dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 rizika. Hotovou st\u0159echu u\u017e zm\u011bnit nelze. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 myslet na v\u0161echny detaily ji\u017e p\u0159i jej\u00ed stavb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bez sn\u011bhov\u00fdch z\u00e1bran to nejde
Existuje mnoho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost st\u0159ech. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, aby sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka opou\u0161t\u011bla st\u0159echu postupn\u011b, jin\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet ji v kritick\u00fdch situac\u00edch pod kontrolou p\u0159\u00edmo na st\u0159e\u0161e. Zat\u00edmco krytina nen\u00e1vratn\u011b nezmiz\u00ed pod b\u00edlou \u010depic\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete se o jejich mont\u00e1\u017e na sv\u00e9m dom\u011b postarat i vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1b\u011bhu ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti st\u0159echy je klasick\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm valem, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee brzdit padaj\u00edc\u00ed laviny a udr\u017eet je ve standardn\u00edch situac\u00edch pod kontrolou. Dos\u00e1hnout toho lze zvednut\u00edm dvou \u010di t\u0159\u00ed spodn\u00edch \u0159ad la\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed pod krytinou tak, aby se rovina st\u0159echy m\u00edrn\u011b prohnula. To vytvo\u0159\u00ed na rovn\u00e9 skluznici p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, kter\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e zastav\u00ed a tu siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozl\u00e1me na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd prvek, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010dinnost je v\u0161ak omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aktivn\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany maj\u00ed r\u016fznou podobu. H\u00e1ky, zoubky, m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee \u010di lapa\u010de nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvar\u016f. V\u0161echny maj\u00ed n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Maj\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit \u0161kod\u00e1m bez ohledu na to, jak\u00e1 je jejich funkce. Zat\u00edmco bodov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany se sna\u017e\u00ed sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvku rozl\u00e1mat na \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 se budou ze st\u0159echy uvol\u0148ovat samostatn\u011b, protisn\u011bhov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, zachyt\u00e1va\u010de a ty\u010dov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvku v celku na st\u0159e\u0161e, dokud se nerozpust\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bodov\u00e9 \u010di liniov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany?
Bodov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany maj\u00ed v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich nese podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e a tak jejich mont\u00e1\u017e nevy\u017eaduje extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pevnost. Na plechov\u00fdch st\u0159ech\u00e1ch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed plechov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany ve tvaru U, pro\u0161roubovan\u00e9 krytinou do lat\u00ed, ta\u0161kov\u00e9 a \u0161indelov\u00e9 krytiny se p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00fdmi h\u00e1ky a v\u00fdjimkou nejsou ani speci\u00e1ln\u011b tvarovan\u00e9 ta\u0161ky. Bodov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany pln\u00ed sv\u016fj \u00fakol skv\u011ble v \u00fa\u017elab\u00edch, nad st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edmi okny \u010di jin\u00fdmi kritick\u00fdmi detaily, kde mal\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed padaj\u00edc\u00ed pokr\u00fdvky nemohou nap\u00e1chat \u0161kodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Liniov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany ve form\u011b plechov\u00fdch A z\u00e1bran, ty\u010d\u00ed \u010di m\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b pevn\u00e9 kotven\u00ed do krovu, proto\u017ee na mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch bod\u016f mus\u00ed udr\u017eet extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00e1hu. Montuj\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou tam, kde padaj\u00edc\u00ed lavina m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit lidi nebo majetek. Stav\u011bj\u00ed se nad balkony, vchody a chodn\u00edky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me s t\u00edm, \u017ee zachyt\u00ed pokr\u00fdvku a\u017e do doby, ne\u017e se v tepl\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed nerozpust\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jedno\u0159ad\u00e1 liniov\u00e1 z\u00e1brana v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00e1. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u vysok\u00fdch budov se \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, aby byla vybudov\u00e1na s odstupem v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech st\u0159echy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017dlaby na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b
Sn\u00edh se s ledem nezachycuje pouze na st\u0159e\u0161e, ale postupn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed sklouznout i do de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch svod\u016f. Pokud jsou instalov\u00e1ny napevno a neodstra\u0148ujeme je pro zimn\u00ed sez\u00f3nu z budovy, jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt strategick\u00e9. \u017d\u00e1d\u00e1 se, aby byly podv\u011b\u0161eny pod krytinou tak, aby je sesouvaj\u00edc\u00ed se sn\u00edh a led obe\u0161ly. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9m vysunut\u00ed se za\u010dne hmota hromadit dovnit\u0159 a postupn\u011b p\u0159et\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed voda bude formovat rampouchy, kter\u00e9 mohou dor\u016fst a\u017e na t\u0159\u00edmetrovou d\u00e9lku o hmotnosti p\u0159es sto kilogram\u016f. Od velk\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee je u\u017e jen kousek k vytr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bs\u016f a lavinov\u00e9mu p\u00e1du na zem. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed jsou \u017elaby pod st\u0159echou podv\u011b\u0161en\u00e9, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podtopte jim
I na tu nejneposlu\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159echu a nejnevhodn\u011bji um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd \u017elab v\u0161ak existuje efektivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Je j\u00edm topn\u00e1 kabel\u00e1\u017e, kterou lze um\u00edstit na kritick\u00e1 m\u00edsta st\u0159echy a kompletn\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 svody tak, aby z\u016fstaly v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed bez pokr\u00fdvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proud prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed kabelem vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed teplo a to rozpou\u0161t\u00ed sn\u00edh a led po cel\u00e9 zimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed tak, aby voda mohla bez bari\u00e9r odt\u00e9kat ze st\u0159echy do kanalizace jako v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Aby v\u0161ak byla spot\u0159eba minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, na v\u0161e dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed jednotka komunikuj\u00edc\u00ed se senzory. Ta vyhodnocuje nejen venkovn\u00ed teplotu, ale tak\u00e9 vlhkost, aby m\u011bla p\u0159ehled o tom, zda je chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st st\u0159echy such\u00e1, nebo ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159i \u00fasporn\u00e9 instalaci lze s\u00e1hnout i po konfiguraci bez \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed jednotky s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm. V\u017edy, budete-li vid\u011bt, \u017ee se v kritick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech nahromadil sn\u00edh s ledem, na povel je m\u016f\u017eete rozpustit. Je to st\u00e1le pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z ok\u00e9nka odmetat sn\u00edh ze st\u0159echy s \u010depic\u00ed na hlav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pojist\u011bte se
P\u00e1ska s n\u00e1pisem padaj\u00edc\u00ed led sice upozorn\u00ed kolemjdouc\u00ed na mo\u017enou hrozbu, nezbav\u00ed v\u00e1s v\u0161ak odpov\u011bdnosti za \u0161kody a selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd vlastn\u00edk budovy odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za sn\u00edh padaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u0159echy s\u00e1m a je povinen zajistit jeho shazov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby. Pokud je v\u0161ak va\u0161e st\u0159echa vybavena p\u0159edepsan\u00fdmi z\u00e1branami pro sn\u011bhov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo, ve kter\u00e9m je postaven d\u016fm, pak byste se m\u011bli informovat ve sv\u00e9 poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b, v jak\u00e9m rozsahu kryje va\u0161e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou jin\u00fdm osob\u00e1m \u010di na ciz\u00edm majetku. Pokud dojde k nejhor\u0161\u00edmu, budete p\u0159edem v\u011bd\u011bt, jak na tom jste a jestli nenastal ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das, kdy je vhodn\u00e9 zam\u00ed\u0159it ke konkurenci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sn\u011bhov\u00e9 laviny padaj\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u0159ech, ledov\u00e9 p\u0159evisy a rampouchy, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nar\u016fst do \u00factyhodn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. I kdy\u017e je klima st\u00e1le teplej\u0161\u00ed, o hrozb\u00e1ch zimy naslouch\u00e1me st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. Na vin\u011b jsou zm\u011bny v architektu\u0159e a materi\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro pokr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ech. Tam, kde jsme je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ned\u00e1vnem v\u00eddali ostr\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty st\u0159ech, dnes \u010dup\u00ed plechem a asfaltov\u00fdm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pro-muze"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=834"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}