Jaro je obdob\u00edm, kdy sazenice d\u0159evin vyu\u017eij\u00ed vl\u00e1hy k tomu, aby intenzivn\u011b zako\u0159enily a odstartovaly f\u00e1zi bujn\u00e9ho r\u016fstu. Pro u\u017eitek i pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017div\u00e9 ploty prov\u00e1zej\u00ed na\u0161e obydl\u00ed od nepam\u011bti. Cen\u00edme si jejich vzhledu, jsou \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro pt\u00e1\u010data a chr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s p\u0159ed necht\u011bn\u00fdmi pohledy, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, v\u011btrem, prachem a hlukem. Jejich v\u00fdsadba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdstavba z klasick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Jak na to?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Listnat\u00e9 d\u0159eviny
Existuje mnoho d\u0159evin, kter\u00e9 jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdsadbu \u017eiv\u00fdch plot\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se v\u011bt\u0161inou o ke\u0159e a d\u0159eviny s hust\u00fdm v\u011btven\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed hmotu ve v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1stech v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edch. Typick\u00e9 je pro n\u011b intenzivn\u00ed odno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, rychl\u00e1 regenerace po \u0159ezu a zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed. I kdy\u017e rychle zareaguj\u00ed na tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed a sest\u0159ih, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee v\u017edy mus\u00ed j\u00edt o rychlorostouc\u00ed kultivary. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro v\u00fdsadbu \u017eiv\u00e9ho plotu z listnat\u00fdch d\u0159evin nen\u00ed t\u0159eba sahat hluboko do pen\u011b\u017eenky a vhodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro v\u00fdsadbu si m\u016f\u017eeme namno\u017eit i sami. Ploty s olist\u011bn\u00edm vy\u017eaduj\u00ed o n\u011bco \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 a jejich nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch jejich kryt\u00ed \u0159\u00eddne, proto\u017ee listy v\u011bt\u0161inou opad\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u0161ak upoutat kv\u011btinami, vybarven\u00fdmi plody a zm\u011bnou barvy list\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
St\u00e1lozelen\u00e9 listnat\u00e9 d\u0159eviny dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ezimovat pouze na tepl\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch, tak\u017ee pod hory se nehod\u00ed. Vyb\u00edrat m\u016f\u017eete z r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultivar\u016f hlohu, d\u0159\u00edn\u016f, tavoln\u00edk\u016f, jilm\u016f, bezu, \u0161e\u0159\u00edku, kaliny, r\u016f\u017e\u00ed, pta\u010d\u00edho zobu, hlohy\u0148 \u010di d\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jehli\u010d\u00ed vydr\u017e\u00ed dlouho
Jehli\u010dnany tvo\u0159\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed zelenou hmotu s dobr\u00fdm kryt\u00edm po cel\u00fd rok a p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161irok\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b. \u010casem se v\u0161ak pohled na n\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zunovat, proto\u017ee b\u011bhem v\u0161ech ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed naprosto stejn\u011b. Sazenice jsou o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u listn\u00e1\u010d\u016f, skv\u011ble v\u0161ak prosperuj\u00ed i v drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Rostou pomalu a nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed mnoho n\u00e1mahy p\u0159i tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 kultivary tuj\u00ed a jalovc\u016f, \u010dasto se v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 tisy a smrky. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru d\u0159evin a jejich v\u00fdsadb\u011b je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost sn\u011bhu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee na slab\u011b zahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m rostouc\u00edm porostu nap\u00e1chat svou t\u00edhou \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jeliko\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 z d\u0159evin jsou jedovat\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159estupn\u00ed stanic\u00ed pro \u0161k\u016fdce a nemoci kulturn\u00edch plod\u00edc\u00edch d\u0159evin na zahr\u00e1dce, v\u017edy byste m\u011bli b\u00fdt p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru ostra\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na kvalit\u011b sazenic z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed
Sazenice by m\u011bly poch\u00e1zet z podobn\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, v jak\u00e9m prob\u011bhne v\u00fdsadba a m\u011bly by m\u00edt vyrovnan\u00fd pom\u011br mezi ko\u0159enovou a nadzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Sv\u011btl\u00e9 sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed ko\u0159eny s \u017eiv\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami a vl\u00e1se\u010dnicemi jsou z\u00e1rukou rychl\u00e9 adaptace na m\u00edst\u011b v\u00fdsadby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vyvarovat byste se m\u011bli star\u00fdch sazenic v kontejnerech se zabr\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm r\u016fstem \u010di p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fdch sazeni\u010dek, kter\u00e9 prodlou\u017e\u00ed budov\u00e1n\u00ed plotu o jeden \u010di dva roky. V jarn\u00edm obdob\u00ed na kvalitn\u00edch sazenic\u00edch naleznete mohutn\u00e9 probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se pupeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 zvykem uskute\u010dnit objedn\u00e1vku s p\u0159edstihem, aby p\u011bstitel\u00e9 stihli p\u0159ipravit dostatek materi\u00e1lu na v\u00fdsadbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pl\u00e1nujte pe\u010dliv\u011b
Trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik let, ne\u017e se p\u00e1s sazenic prom\u011bn\u00ed v celistvou zelenou bari\u00e9ru a za\u010dne plnit sv\u016fj \u00fakol naplno. M\u011bli bychom m\u00edt proto jasnou p\u0159edstavu o tom, jakou v\u00fd\u0161ku a hustotu od plotu po\u017eadujeme a jakou \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku pro jeho rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eeme nab\u00eddnout. Jen tak lze vybrat tu spr\u00e1vnou d\u0159evinu pro v\u00fdsadbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ji\u017e v prvn\u00edm roce po v\u00fdsadb\u011b je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st prvn\u00ed tvarovac\u00ed \u0159ez a to v takov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed druh d\u0159eviny ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou jde o za\u010d\u00e1tek letn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny, kdy odstra\u0148ujeme p\u0159erostl\u00e9 v\u00fdhony tak, aby se rostlina zahustila a vytvo\u0159ila dostatek zelen\u00e9 hmoty v pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch meziprostorech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u017e p\u0159i prvn\u00edm tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba myslet na to, \u017ee slunce se mus\u00ed dostat ke v\u0161em \u010d\u00e1stem rostlin a st\u0159ih tvarujeme tak, aby byly z\u00e1kladny o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vrchn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u017eiv\u00e9ho plotu. V\u00fdhony zkracujeme p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o polovinu, v \u00fasporn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech o t\u0159etinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V dal\u0161\u00edch letech prov\u00e1d\u00edme tvarovac\u00ed st\u0159ih v\u011bt\u0161inou dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b tak, aby odst\u0159i\u017een\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti stihly do p\u0159\u00edchodu zimn\u00edho odpo\u010dinku zregenerovat. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed st\u0159ih \u010dasujeme na konec jarn\u00ed a za\u010d\u00e1tek letn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny, ten druh\u00fd by nem\u011bl p\u0159ij\u00edt pozd\u011bji ne\u017e koncem \u010dervence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak vyb\u00edrat?
N\u00edzk\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 ploty s v\u00fd\u0161kou do jednoho metru pln\u00ed roli obrub a okrasn\u00fdch plot\u016f, kter\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u011b odd\u011bluj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pozemku. Pro jejich v\u00fdsadbu jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pomalu rostouc\u00ed d\u0159eviny s hust\u00fdm vzr\u016fstem, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed \u0159ez. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka takov\u00e9ho plotu obvykle nep\u0159esahuje hranici 50 centimetr\u016f a po\u010d\u00edtat je t\u0159eba se dv\u011bma a\u017e t\u0159emi sazenicemi na metr d\u00e9lky. Trv\u00e1 t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt let, ne\u017e vznikne souvisl\u00fd hust\u00fd porost, kter\u00fd pout\u00e1 pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
St\u0159edn\u011b vysok\u00e9 ploty dor\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky dvou metr\u016f pln\u00ed vedle estetick\u00e9 str\u00e1nky i u\u017eitn\u00e9 \u00fakoly ak jejich v\u00fdsadb\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u0159edn\u011b vysok\u00e9 ke\u0159e a d\u0159eviny o hustot\u011b 3 a\u017e 4 sazenice na dva metry d\u00e9lky plotu. V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 je s\u00e1hnout po d\u0159evin\u00e1ch s pomal\u00fdm nebo st\u0159edn\u011b rychl\u00fdm r\u016fstem, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed a zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Takov\u00fd plot vy\u017eaduje od 100 do 150 centimetr\u016f \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky a do kr\u00e1sy vyroste za 5 a\u017e 8 let. Pokud nechcete, aby byla \u00fadr\u017eba v dal\u0161\u00edch letech p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, vyvarujte se pou\u017eit\u00ed rychle rostouc\u00edch d\u0159evin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vysok\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 ploty p\u0159er\u016fstaj\u00ed hranici p\u011bti metr\u016f a v\u011bt\u0161inou se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k odd\u011blen\u00ed pozemk\u016f od okoln\u00edho otev\u0159en\u00e9ho prostranstv\u00ed. Obvykle je netvarujeme a p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b kombinujeme r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy d\u0159evin, aby byl porost hust\u00fd, ale i vysok\u00fd. Rychlorostouc\u00ed stromy s hust\u00fdmi vysok\u00fdmi ke\u0159i dok\u00e1\u017eou vytvo\u0159it neproniknutelnou bari\u00e9ru o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce n\u011bkolika metr\u016f. Trv\u00e1 des\u00edtky let, ne\u017e z\u00edskaj\u00ed na mohutnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak\u00fd je postup?
D\u0159eviny vysazujeme v\u017edy do d\u016fkladn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 p\u016fdy, ve kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159\u00edme p\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou r\u00fdhu. Jej\u00ed dno je t\u0159eba rozru\u0161it vidlemi, abychom zajistili propustnost pro sr\u00e1\u017ekovou vodu a otev\u0159eli cestu p\u0159er\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159en\u016f. To plat\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na stanovi\u0161t\u00edch, kter\u00e1 byla dosud neobr\u00e1ben\u00e1 nebo byla pevn\u011b ule\u017eela pod cesti\u010dkami, \u010di na staveni\u0161ti. V\u00fdhodn\u00e1 je p\u0159\u00edprava p\u0159ed zimou, jarn\u00ed v\u00fdkop je v\u0161ak dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00fdha v p\u016fd\u011b m\u00e1 m\u00edt hloubku od 30 do 40 centimetr\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti ko\u0159enov\u00fdch bal\u016f sazenic.
Do n\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1me sazenice v p\u0159edepsan\u00e9m rozestupu a zasypeme nakyp\u0159enou zeminou, kter\u00e1 byla obohacena o vyzr\u00e1l\u00fd kompost. Ten bude startovac\u00ed d\u00e1vkou \u017eivin. Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1me se p\u0159ihnojov\u00e1n\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm pod\u00edlem dus\u00edku. Ten sice odstartuje rychl\u00fd r\u016fst sazenic, jejich hmota v\u0161ak nebude dostate\u010dn\u011b vyzr\u00e1l\u00e1 a hust\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zeminou p\u0159isypan\u00e9 sazenice fixujeme up\u011bchov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u016fdy a zavla\u017e\u00edme. Pr\u00e1v\u011b o dostatek vl\u00e1hy je t\u0159eba se postarat v prvn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b. Nen\u00ed proto na \u0161kodu na slunn\u00fdch a v\u011btru exponovan\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edt mul\u010d, kter\u00fd udr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1hu v zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 n\u00e1vaznosti po v\u00fdsadb\u011b je t\u0159eba sazenice stimulovat k rozv\u011btven\u00ed a zahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Dos\u00e1hneme toho \u0159ezem, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m odstran\u00edme p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etinu nadzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sazenic. I kdy\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee sest\u0159\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed pouze prodlou\u017e\u00ed r\u016fst plotu, nen\u00ed to pravda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jaro je obdob\u00edm, kdy sazenice d\u0159evin vyu\u017eij\u00ed vl\u00e1hy k tomu, aby intenzivn\u011b zako\u0159enily a odstartovaly f\u00e1zi bujn\u00e9ho r\u016fstu. Pro u\u017eitek i pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed. \u017div\u00e9 ploty prov\u00e1zej\u00ed na\u0161e obydl\u00ed od nepam\u011bti. Cen\u00edme si jejich vzhledu, jsou \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro pt\u00e1\u010data a chr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s p\u0159ed necht\u011bn\u00fdmi pohledy, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, v\u011btrem, prachem a hlukem. Jejich v\u00fdsadba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-rady-a-navody"],"amp_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mikrosvety.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}